Improve language

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Antti H S Laaksonen 2017-05-14 13:42:50 +03:00
parent 014b975abc
commit 4a42b1485b
1 changed files with 11 additions and 14 deletions

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@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ $(x_2,y_2)$,
$(x_3,y_3)$ and
$(x_4,y_4)$.
This formula is easy to implement, there are no special
cases, and it turns out that we can even generalize the formula
cases, and we can even generalize the formula
to \emph{all} polygons.
\section{Complex numbers}
@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ following point and vector:
\index{complex@\texttt{complex}}
The complex number class \texttt{complex} in C++ is
The C++ complex number class \texttt{complex} is
useful when solving geometric problems.
Using the class we can represent points and vectors
as complex numbers, and the class contains tools
@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ that are useful in geometry.
In the following code, \texttt{C} is the type of
a coordinate and \texttt{P} is the type of a point or a vector.
In addition, the code defines the macros \texttt{X} and \texttt{Y}
In addition, the code defines macros \texttt{X} and \texttt{Y}
that can be used to refer to x and y coordinates.
\begin{lstlisting}
@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ counterclockwise.
The function $\texttt{polar}(s,a)$ constructs a vector
whose length is $s$ and that points to an angle $a$.
In addition, a vector can be rotated by an angle $a$
Moreover, a vector can be rotated by an angle $a$
by multiplying it by a vector with length 1 and angle $a$.
The following code calculates the angle of
@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ using the class \texttt{complex}:
\begin{lstlisting}
P a = {4,2};
P b = {1,2};
C r = (conj(a)*b).Y; // 6
C p = (conj(a)*b).Y; // 6
\end{lstlisting}
The above code works, because
@ -307,8 +307,7 @@ $p$ is on the left side of the line:
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
In this situation,
the cross product $(p-s_1) \times (p-s_2)$
The cross product $(p-s_1) \times (p-s_2)$
tells us the location of the point $p$.
If the cross product is positive,
$p$ is located on the left side,
@ -322,7 +321,7 @@ points $s_1$, $s_2$ and $p$ are on the same line.
\index{line segment intersection}
Consider the problem of checking
whether two given line segments
whether two line segments
$ab$ and $cd$ intersect. The possible cases are:
\textit{Case 1:}
@ -409,7 +408,7 @@ Hence, we can use cross products to check this.
\subsubsection{Point distance from a line}
Another feature of the cross product is that
Another feature of cross products is that
the area of a triangle can be calculated
using the formula
\[\frac{| (a-c) \times (b-c) |}{2},\]
@ -502,11 +501,11 @@ so $b$ is outside the polygon.
\section{Polygon area}
A general formula for calculating the area
of a polygon\footnote{This formula is sometimes called the
\index{shoelace formula} \key{shoelace formula}.} is
of a polygon, sometimes called the \key{shoelace formula},
is as follows: \index{shoelace formula}
\[\frac{1}{2} |\sum_{i=1}^{n-1} (p_i \times p_{i+1})| =
\frac{1}{2} |\sum_{i=1}^{n-1} (x_i y_{i+1} - x_{i+1} y_i)|, \]
where the vertices are
Here the vertices are
$p_1=(x_1,y_1)$, $p_2=(x_2,y_2)$, $\ldots$, $p_n=(x_n,y_n)$
in such an order that
$p_i$ and $p_{i+1}$ are adjacent vertices on the boundary
@ -702,7 +701,6 @@ For example, consider the following set of points:
\node at (3,0.5) {$D$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
The maximum Manhattan distance is 5
between points $B$ and $C$:
\begin{center}
@ -744,7 +742,6 @@ the result is:
\node at (4,-2.5) {$D$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
And the maximum distance is as follows:
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.6]