References etc.

This commit is contained in:
Antti H S Laaksonen 2017-02-25 21:47:47 +02:00
parent b2b2975469
commit f81950a5a6
3 changed files with 41 additions and 5 deletions

View file

@ -359,7 +359,8 @@ The expected value for $X$ in a geometric distribution is
\index{Markov chain}
A \key{Markov chain} is a random process
A \key{Markov chain}\footnote{A. A. Markov (1856--1922)
was a Russian mathematician.} is a random process
that consists of states and transitions between them.
For each state, we know the probabilities
for moving to other states.
@ -516,7 +517,9 @@ It turns out that we can find order statistics
using a randomized algorithm without sorting the array.
The algorithm is a Las Vegas algorithm:
its running time is usually $O(n)$
but $O(n^2)$ in the worst case.
but $O(n^2)$ in the worst case\footnote{C. A. R. Hoare
discovered both this algorithm, known as \key{quickselect} \cite{hoa61b},
and a similar sorting algorithm, known as \key{quicksort} \cite{hoa61a}.}.
The algorithm chooses a random element $x$
in the array, and moves elements smaller than $x$
@ -561,7 +564,8 @@ answer would by easier than to calculate it from scratch.
It turns out that we can solve the problem
using a Monte Carlo algorithm whose
time complexity is only $O(n^2)$.
time complexity is only $O(n^2)$\footnote{This algorithm is sometimes
called \index{Freivalds' algoritm} \key{Freivalds' algorithm} \cite{fre77}.}.
The idea is simple: we choose a random vector
$X$ of $n$ elements, and calculate the matrices
$ABX$ and $CX$. If $ABX=CX$, we report that $AB=C$,